Thursday, August 27, 2020

Electronic Laboratory Practise Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electronic Laboratory Practice - Lab Report Example In this manner, the joined opposition is given by In this report, information and involvement with the utilization of basic lab gear was obtained. The utilization of the oscilloscope, the sign generator, the force flexibly and advanced multimeter were utilized to comprehend uses of different electronic circuits. The limited exactness of the lab estimating instruments was similarly illustrated. The shading coded resistors were perused to build up the opposition of the resistors. After the opposition was estimated utilizing an advanced meter and it was then affirmed whether the outcomes portray comparable obstruction. The protections estimated are around equivalent with slight variety that is because of makers blunders that can't be maintained a strategic distance from in the assembling procedure (Purrington, 1997). The resiliences gave characterize the suitable furthest reaches of satisfactory obstruction. For the 5 ohms resistor (5 Â ± 0.05) in this manner 4.998 is inside the range. Correspondingly, the lower limit for 22 ohm resistor is (22â ± 1.1) while the 20.9 ohms lower limit exists in the range. The presumable gauge of the voltages when 5 ohms and 22 ohms resistors were associated with 6.0 V flexibly to make a potential divider was resolved hypothetically. A computerized multimeter was associated over every one of the resistors and voltages acquired were analyzed. The outcomes acquired were recorded as appeared. From the outcomes got, obviously the bigger resistor gets the best portion of the voltage in a voltage divider. Interior opposition of the multimeter unfavorably influences the deliberate voltage in situations where huge current is drawn (Hector, Lein, and Scouten, 1943). For this situation the measure of current drawn is generally little consequently there is no critical impact on the deliberate voltage. The current through the two resistors which were in equal was resolved hypothetically and

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Worn Path Essays - Phoenixes In Popular Culture, Eudora Welty

A Worn Path Essays - Phoenixes In Popular Culture, Eudora Welty A Worn Path Struggle in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path In Eudora Weltys A Worn Path the contention was not evident at the earliest reference point. What was a poor, old wiped out lady doing traipsing in the woodland during the dead of winter? The explanation turned out to be clear towards the finish of the story as the activity uncovered that the contention was getting the vital medication for her grandson. At the point when this contention got self-evident, another inquiry rung a bell. What sort of society did this lady live in that she needed to go right from her home in the field to the city without anyone else to get the medication? The contention being represented is that of an individual versus society and the four issues that Phoenix faces because of this was her mature age, her wellbeing, her grandsons wellbeing and her condition of destitution. Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin had an example all its own of countless fanning wrinkles (section 2). This citation was one of numerous signs of Phoenix Jacksons mature age. Typically, in the public eye there are benefits for the old and those of the brilliant age. There are different associations that help individuals who are beyond sixty five years old. They additionally offer different types of assistance towards them, for example, suppers on wheels. Was there not somebody who could have conveyed the medication to this lady of about 100 years old? Maybe Phoenix Jackson was excessively timid or had a lot of pride to request an assistance of that nature. The specialists from the clinical structure thought about the state of Phoenixs grandson and did nothing to help out. This demonstrated the absence of regard that was available in the general public. In todays society, somebody of that age orders and merits the best possible regard. She conveyed a slender, little stick produced using an umbrella, and with this she continued tapping the solidified earth before her, (section 1). The following clash that tormented her is that of her wellbeing. In the former citation, there was one significant note that perusers should mull over. The way that she kept diligently tapping the earth before her could just demonstrate one thingthat she was outwardly debilitated. She might not have been totally visually impaired, however she needed to have been significantly debilitated to have continued tapping her stick in a repetitive way. Somebody who is even remotely outwardly disabled ought not be going in the timberland. Phoenix likewise experienced a difficult that frequently torment individuals at a mature age. This issue is feebleness. Be that as it may, she plunked down to rest She didn't set out to close her eyes and when a young man carried her a plate with a cut of marble-cake on it she addressed him. That would be adequate, she said. In any case, when she went to take it there was only her own turn noticeable all around, (passage 15). This was only one out of numerous occasions in the story where Phoenix conversed with herself and had visualizations. Conversing with ones self in the timberland is a clear indication of feebleness. Phoenix didn't permit her two inabilities to hinder her, yet had society thought about her appropriately she would have been in an establishment for the old. With respect to her grandsons wellbeing, the perusers realize that he likewise, was not progressing admirably. The main appropriate data given was that he gulped lye, (passage 91). He, additionally, ought to have been getting proficient consideration. An American culture in the nineteen fortys didn't give free social insurance, and that sets up the last clash, the condition of neediness of Phoenix Jackson. Its Christmas time, Grandma, said the chaperon. Would I be able to give you a barely any pennies out of my tote? Five pennies is a nickel, said Phoenix solidly, (passage 100) This citation, a discussion among Phoenix and the chaperon at the clinical structure, came after Phoenix had shown up at the specialists office and had just gotten her medication from the orderly. Phoenix was not afraid to request the additional pocket change with the goal that she could get her grandson a windmill made out of paper. That nickel was the second nickel that she had figured out how to acquire. The initial five pennies

Friday, August 21, 2020

What Are Sherlock Holmes Essay Topics?

What Are Sherlock Holmes Essay Topics?There are a lot of different Sherlock Holmes essay topics, but they all have one thing in common. They are all based on the character's back story and are a combination of short stories, his own writings, and even contemporary events. Of course, this can make it hard to come up with your own essay that is unique and that will be read by college students.The first thing that you want to do is write a reading paper on one of the Sherlock Holmes novels that you can find on the Internet. You will want to go online and find some of the short stories that you enjoy reading and write an essay about each one. You will also want to take some notes when you are reading the story and you will be able to use these as references when you are writing your essay. When you are done, you will be ready to create your essay.As you are searching for the stories and the essays, you will also want to find a great resource that you can read through. The best resource t o go to is the website that hosts all of the Sherlock Holmes websites. This website has all of the available stories, the essays, and everything else that you need to write an essay about the character. Using this site, you will be able to find stories that are similar to the topic of your essay and you will be able to find different types of Holmes essays as well.When you are choosing the essay topics, you will want to choose something that will give you a sense of the character that you are trying to express. This way, you will not feel like you are making something up when you are writing the essay. You will be able to express yourself as honestly as possible.In addition to the essay topics, you will also want to decide on a research source. When you are looking for research sources, you will want to look at things like newspapers and books. However, when you are looking for newspapers, you will want to choose ones that are not going to be very old.The main research source will a lso be your essay. Of course, you will want to put the focus on the story and the character of Sherlock Holmes. In addition to this, you will want to spend some time on the more modern side of Holmes' life and this will include looking at his encounters with Joan of Arc, his interactions with Dr. Watson, and many others.With these things in mind, you will be able to create your essay without any problems. Of course, if you cannot find the information that you need, you will be able to find resources online that will help you. There are many great resources online that will help you write a great essay.Remember, when you are trying to choose the Sherlock Holmes essay topics, you should choose something that is related to the topic. You will also want to do a research on the character that you are writing about so that you know what type of information you will need to include. Make sure that you are writing a great essay and then you will be able to use the essay topic that you have written to show off your writing skills and have a great opportunity to earn a scholarship.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Personality Theories And The Theories - 2426 Words

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore personality theories and the impact and effect they have on people throughout their life. People have many different personalities and come from many different cultures, but fundamentally we have some of the same basic needs. So, what are people influenced by? Is it social experiences, developmental problems, or needs and anxiety that that spiral into neurosis? Personality theories vary and the complexity of the information can be difficult to understand such as genetic dispositions, environmental forces, unconscious thoughts, and motivations. Personality shapes who and what we are to some extent and theories on personality help us to understand one another. Whether it is problem solving,†¦show more content†¦Six topics that will be discussed are Nature versus Nurture, the Unconscious, View of Self, Development, Motivation, and Maturation along with a Biblical integration. The personality theories are important for understanding, dev elopment, and maturing of humans and the choices and behavior of those people. Foundations of Personality Nature versus Nurture Nature versus Nurture has been debated for centuries and will probably be debated for many more. Nature versus Nurture refers to factors that influence a person’s behavior. Nature refers to the hereditary and what comes from our genetic makeup. Nurture refers to environmental varying factors such as childhood experiences and culture. In the study by Bleidorn, et al. (2010) Nature versus Nature is carried out by personality traits and life goals, the genetic and environmental sources (p. 366). Within this study life goals were used because of the correlation between personality traits and what people want to become in life. These goals tend to change as personality changes due to alterations in social environment. By creating a univariate and multivariate biometric model study of adults, Bleidorn, et al. (2010) found that life goals were more vulnerable than personality traits to influences of environmental factors (p. 375). In David Lancy’s (2010) article he deals with nature verses nurture in the cognitive development, parent-child interaction, and social behavior of children. Lancy (2010) contends that

Friday, May 15, 2020

Petición de asilo en EE.UU. y permiso de trabajo

En Estados Unidos, el permiso de trabajo a los solicitantes de asilo, como regla general, no se concede durante la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud, aunque es posible una excepcià ³n a esta norma. Ademà ¡s, si el asilo se aprueba ya se puede trabajar inmediatamente y no es necesario solicitarlo, aunque sà ­ es conveniente tener un documento para probar ese derecho ante los empresarios. En este artà ­culo ademà ¡s de explicar la relacià ³n entre asilo y trabajo se informa sobre las nuevas directrices sobre solicitud de asilo y se recuerdan las principales obligaciones y derechos de las personas a quienes se les concede la solicitud y tienen, por tanto, calidad de asilados. Puntos clave: Asilo y permiso de trabajo en EE.UU. Regla general: Mientras se tramita la solicitud de asilo no hay derecho a un permiso de trabajo.Excepcià ³n a la regla: Puede solicitarse el permiso de trabajo si desde la presentacià ³n de la solicitud de asilo han pasado mà ¡s de 150 dà ­as, excluyendo los dà ­as de stop the watch y todavà ­a no hay resolucià ³n.  ¿Se puede solicitar un permiso de trabajo cuando se està ¡ tramitando una peticià ³n de asilo? La regla general es que el solicitante de asilo  no tiene derecho a trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, si se cumplen al mismo tiempo las siguientes dos circunstancias se puede aplicar por un permiso de trabajo, conocido en inglà ©s como EAD: Cuando han transcurrido 150 dà ­as desde la fecha que se ha presentado la aplicacià ³n completa de asilo ante el USCIS o ante una corte de inmigracià ³n.Todavà ­a el oficial de asilo o el juez de inmigracià ³n no se han pronunciado sobre el caso.   Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que ese transcurrir de dà ­as puede ser detenido por las autoridades migratorias siempre y cuando sea por causas atribuibles al solicitante. Es lo que se conoce como parar el reloj (stop the watch, en inglà ©s). Esta parada en el cà ³mputo de dà ­as puede deberse a mà ºltiples  razones como por ejemplo que el solicitante pida mà ¡s tiempo para obtener documentacià ³n,para buscar abogado, que no se presente a una cita, o renuncia vista rà ¡pida (expedited hearing) en determinadas circunstancias. Ademà ¡s, el reloj se para una vez que el juez ha sentenciado negando el asilo. Si hay apelacià ³n, mientras dura à ©sta no se puede aplicar para permiso de trabajo. La decisià ³n de parar el reloj le corresponde en exclusiva a la administracià ³n. En la prà ¡ctica esto significa que puede ser muy difà ­cil que se computen los 150 dà ­as y, por lo tanto, que se obtenga un permiso de trabajo. Ademà ¡s, una vez que se para el reloj es difà ­cil volver a poner en marcha. Si no se tiene claro cuà ¡ntos dà ­as han sido computados, se puede verificar llamando al telà ©fono automatizado de las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n marcando al 1-800-898-7180. En todo caso lo que hay que entender es que no se tiene derecho a un permiso de trabajo por el simple hecho de que hayan transcurridos 150 dà ­as desde que se presentà ³ la solicitud de asilo. No obstante, si reà ºne las circunstancias para solicitar el permiso de trabajo, entonces se puede aplicar rellenando la planilla I-765 prestando especial atencià ³n a la casilla nà ºmero 16. Ademà ¡s, hay que tener en cuenta que el EAD no se aprobarà ¡ por al menos 30 dà ­as. Con lo que la suma de los 150 mà ¡s los 30 hace que tenga que transcurrir un mà ­nimo de 180 desde la presentacià ³n de la aplicacià ³n. Ademà ¡s, en algunos estados  se considera PRUCOL a los solicitantes de asilo y, a consecuencia de ello, podrà ­an tener acceso a algunos beneficios sociales. El permiso de trabajo con solicitud de asilo aprobada Lo cierto es que se puede trabajar desde ya, sin necesidad de mà ¡s documentos. No obstante, por cuestiones prà ¡cticas los asilados prefieren contar con un permiso de trabajo para poder probarle a un empleador que se puede trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Otra razà ³n es para tener un I.D. emitido por las autoridades americanas, que facilita muchas gestiones de todo tipo. Si no les ha llegado uno con la aprobacià ³n, pueden optar por cualquiera de las opciones siguientes: Si el asilo ha sido concedido por un juez: solicitarlo gratuitamente rellenando la planilla I-765 y adjuntar la orden judicial en la que se reconoce el estatus de refugiado. Otra opcià ³n es hacer una cita para visitar unas oficinas del USCIS a travà ©s del servicio de InfoPass. Llevar el dà ­a seà ±alado la orden judicial. Ademà ¡s, si el asilo ha sido concedido por el USCIS: contactar con la oficina que le ha concedido el asilo y pedirlo. El oficial de llevà ³ el caso procesa automà ¡ticamente esta peticià ³n y se recibirà ¡ en breve. Una vez que se tiene el permiso de trabajo se puede buscar empleo. Lo mà ¡s comà ºn es encontrarlo a travà ©s de familiares y amigos pero tambià ©n se puede recurrir a grandes bases de datos de ofertas de trabajo. Otros beneficios una vez que el asilo ha sido concedido Una vez que la solicitud de asilo es aprobada, el asilado puede disfrutar de mà ¡s beneficio ademà ¡s del derecho a trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos. Los principales son los siguientes: Se puede solicitar un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social.Si se necesita ayuda econà ³mica, mà ©dica, para aprender inglà ©s o para informarse de cà ³mo conseguir un trabajo contactar con la Oficina del Asentamiento de Refugiados (ORR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) o marcar al 1-800-354-0365. Allà ­ orientarà ¡n a quà © clase de beneficios puede optar.Puede solicitarse la condicià ³n de asilados derivados para su esposo, esposa o hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Todos ellos tienen que haber sido nombrados en la peticià ³n original de asilo.Se puede solicitar permiso para viajar fuera de Estados Unidos. Se trata de un Documento de Viaje de Refugiado y para obtenerlo hay que rellenar la planilla I-131 antes de viajar fuera del paà ­s. Tiene validez por un aà ±o.Despuà ©s de un aà ±o es posible solicitar un permiso de residencia o green card mediante un ajuste de estatus. La planilla a rellenar es la I-485. El cà ³mputo del aà ±o se inicia a partir de la fecha en la que el as ilo es aprobado. Obligaciones principales de los asilados Cuando se le aprueba a un extranjero su solicitud de asilo, à ©ste contrae una serie de obligaciones, destacando: Obligacià ³n de notificar al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) todos los cambios de domicilio permanentes en los diez dà ­as siguientes a producirse la mudanza. En el caso de que el asilado es  varà ³n y tenga una edad comprendida entre los 18 y los 26 aà ±os està ¡ obligado a registrarse para los Servicios Selectivos. Si no lo hace puede que en el futuro se le nieguen beneficios migratorios. Por ejemplo, los asilados con el paso del tiempo pueden convertirse en residentes permanentes y despuà ©s en ciudadanos americanos por naturalizacià ³n. Sin embargo, la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n puede rechazarse si el solicitante no se ha registrado para los Servicios Selectivos cuando tenà ­a la obligacià ³n de hacerlo. Nueva regulacià ³n sobre asilo y cà ³mo protegerse ante fraudes Por directiva del presidente Donald Trump del 9 de noviembre de 2019 las personas que crucen ilegalmente la frontera que separa Mà ©xico de Estados Unidos no pueden bajo ningà ºn caso solicitar asilo. Temporalmente, esta orden està ¡ suspendida por orden de un juez federal esperando una resolucià ³n final sobre su aplicacià ³n o revocacià ³n. Segà ºn la orden de Trump, se prevà © que las personas que son agarradas tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera serà ¡n dirigidas a un puerto de entrada para ser procesadas y ahà ­ se decidirà ¡ quà © se hace con ellas. Solamente aquellas personas que puedan demostrar miedo razonable de ser perseguidas o torturadas si son regresadas a sus paà ­ses podrà ­an solicitar el alivio de suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n, conocido en inglà ©s como withholding of removal, pero no asilo. Por otra parte, es muy importante evitar ser và ­ctima de un fraude si se ha solicitado asilo. Cabe destacar que as reglas sobre empleo son las explicadas en este artà ­culo. El solicitante no deberà ­a dejarse influenciar por las opiniones de otras personas que dicen que sà ­ se puede trabajar desde el momento en que se presenta la solicitud. Eso era asà ­ hace aà ±os. Pero la ley ha cambiado y ya no es asà ­. Para asegurarse de conocer lo bà ¡sico se recomienda tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre el asilo y encontrar asà ­ respuesta a tus dudas e inquietudes.  ¿Cà ³mo encontrar asistencia legal a bajo costo o gratuita? Si el solicitante no puede pagar a un abogado, numerosas organizaciones brindan asesorà ­a legal a solicitantes de asilo gratis o a bajo costo. Lo importante es elegir a una organizacià ³n especialista en asilo y de excelente reputacià ³n. Este artà ­culo es solo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Magnificent Minds of the Renaissance - 1120 Words

Magnificent Minds of the Renaissance The renaissance era of the 1500s was a time of artistic, philosophic, and scientific wonder and inspiration. Several new discoveries were made in the areas of science, and assumptions on the world and universe around them were expressed by philosophers. Many individuals had been gifted with artistic creativity and skill. The astonishing achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are considered momentous to the Renaissance period. In this paper, I will talk about the endeavors and achievements of these three amazing Renaissance men. Born April 15, 1452 in the small Tuscan town of Anchiano to Ser Piero, a wealthy Florentine and Caterina, a peasant woman, Leonardo enjoyed a very†¦show more content†¦(qtd. Encyclopedia Britannica n.pag.). Leonardo created six pieces during his stay in Milan. The most famous of all his paintings, The Last Supper, depicts Jesus with his 12 Apostles during Passover the moment that he reveals that one of them will betray him (Encyclopedia Britannica n.pag.). Unfortunately, by the beginning of the 16th century, the painting began to show deterioration due to the failed technique that Leonardo had developed called tempra. Several attempts were made over the centuries to restore the piece but were unsuccessful until modern restoration techniques were applied after World War II. Restoration of this piece was completed in 1999 but very little of the original painting remains (Encyclopedia Britannica n.pag.). Leonardo based his scientific theories on careful observation and precise documentation. Sadly, is treatises (writings) on several scientific subjects were never completed. The notebooks in which he kept his theories logged, were written in a mirror script. This made it difficult for his work to be deciphered during his lifetime. His scientific findings would have revolutionized science of the 16th century had his work been published (Encyclopedia Britannica n.pag.). Leonardo anticipated discoveries of the modern times. Leonardo spent his last years at the Chà ¢teau de Cloux, near Amboise, where he died and was buried in the palace churchShow MoreRelated Magnificent Minds Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages The high renaissance of the 1500s was a time of scientific, philosophic, and artistic awe and inspiration. Many new discoveries were being made in the field of science, and philosophers expressed their assumptions on the world and universe around them. In addition, many individuals were gifted with artistic dexterity and skill. The amazing achievements of Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci are considered significant to the Renaissance period. In this paper, the endeavors and achievementsRead MoreEssay on The Renaissance Humanistic Concept of Man994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance Humanistic Concept of Man Each century brings something new into this world. Some ages thus become prominent, others don’t seem to contribute a lot to the humanity. The Renaissance became the symbol of awakening, the symbol of excellence and rebirth. It gave birth to the doctrines and principles that dominate the philosophy up until nowadays. Humanism developed as one of the principal philosophical concepts of Renaissance. What does this concept mean, why is it so crucialRead MoreHumanism : Renaissance And Renaissance Thought955 Words   |  4 PagesHumanism in Renaissance Thought The word ‘Renaissance’ is French for ‘Rebirth’. The Renaissance is a period in European history which signifies the rebirth of classical learning and rediscovery. 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HumanityRead MoreRenaissance Humanism : The Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance Humanism The renaissance is by its definition a rebirth of the classical methods of the ancients (Dictionary.) Through the study of the text and the artwork that defined this period we are able to see the transition from a dark, apocalyptic world, to a reinvigorated and bright new era which was dominated by titan of artistry such as Donatello. Because Italy was so well situated in a land that was formally the Roman Empire, and its economic links to lands of heavy Greek influence RenaissanceRead MoreStart of The Renaissance in Italy During the 15th Century Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesStart of The Renaissance in Italy During the 15th Century The word Renaissance means rebirth. It was a period when people rediscoverd learning and looking back to the classical civilizations of Rome and Greece for their inspiration. 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He amongst other artist brought new forms of black cultural expressions into urban areas that had been affected by The Great Migration. Harlem was the largest area affected by said Great Migration. Though the Harlem Renaissance was centered in Harlem the power and strength contained in theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance and Slave Narratives1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began around the 1920’s and was the hub of African American artistic endeavors, with less discrimination, more freedom, and amazi ng strides in politics and economics which was very different from how the slaves lived and hoped, but there still were similarities like a will for a better life, and hope for the future which both embraced even though they were in a dreadful position. Of course there also are differences, in this case that Harlem writers and artist were more educated

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

International Security Studies for Criminal Justice- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Security Studies for Criminal Justice. Answer: Policy Brief to the United States Ambassador to the United Nations on the Myanmar Governments Decision to End of the Crisis, October 2017 Mr /Mrs, The recent decision for the solution of the crisis in the Rohingya has been interrupted due to several reasons. The violation of the human rights in the Rohingya has been the main reason for the crisis in the region. Rohingya, Myanmar has been an extreme backward region with having limited facilities for livelihood. The basic facilities of living has not been provided to the region that have caused aggression in people of Rohingya. More than 500,000 Rohingya have left their homes within a month in neighbouring Bangladesh (Parnini, Othman and Ghazali 2013). The discrimination with the people on various basis have been creating violence among people of Rohingya. Actually, Rohingya are the Muslim Minority group of Myanmars Raphine State having a population of approximately 1.1 million. These people are considered as the lowest minority group in Myanmar (Beyrer and Kamarulzaman 2017). The government of the country have not recognized their identity in the national identity record. The My anmar military have been executing a campaign for cleansing against the Rohingya people. The situation in the state has been worse due to the crisis. The Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh have been burning their homes, shooting, stabbing and raping in the state. The violence has been increasing with the negligence of the Myanmar Government. In October 2016, an insurgent group of Rohingya Refuges named as Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), causes attack on the border guard post and killing nine police officers (Singh and Haziq 2016). The High Commissioner of the UN have published the stories of rape and civic violence scenario in the report. The Government of Bangladesh has published various documents related to the official complaints for laying land mines along border of Myanmar (Prodip 2017). This causes aggression in the army and causing damage to the Rohingya people. The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the United Nations carried out interviews with the fled people of Rohingya and concluded that abuses are happening due to the crisis in the human rights and humanity. The current crisis began in August 2017 after attacks of ARSA on 30 police officers (Khan et al. 2016). There have been various cases abut raping, shooting, sexual assault and burning of the people in this crisis. The human rights of the people has been continuously violated in the Rohingya region. There has been a controversial report by the Myanmar government regarding the Rohingya crisis by disallowing the United Nation to conducts an investigation (Hoffstaedter 2017). In July 2017 report, the documented file reported that 87,000 Rohingya who had fled away in Bangladesh are facing several humanitarian challenges in living (Murray 2016). These challenges includes inability to get shelter, food and gender-biased. The United nation has been affected by this crisis in Rohingya. The UN has been allowed to interfere in this matter for investigating it. The Government has announced several plans for the refugees to build more than 14,000 shelters over 2000 acres of land. There has been serious challenges in the implementing of the plans into practice (Ahsan Ullah 2016). The civilians were not ready to understand the situation in the state and were out of control of the militants. The US government has provided $32 million in humanitarian aid. This have helped in maintaining the financial crisis among the refugees. While the UN and Red Cross have expanded guide to the Bangladesh border, where such a large number of Rohingya have fled, specialists are unabl e to see a fleeting future in which the Rohingya can live gently and with rise to rights inside Myanmar's outskirts (Kneebone 2017). The High Commissioner for Human Rights in the United Nations carried out interviews with the fled people of Rohingya and concluded that abuses are happening due to the crisis in the human rights and humanity. The European Unions humanitarian aid department (ECHO) has helped in providing funds for the relief programs in the Rakhine state. Since 2010, ECHO has provided more than 76 million in humanitarian aid. ECHO has additionally been giving critical subsidizing to life help to the unregistered Rohingya people in Bangladesh in Cox's Bazar region through global NGOs and the UN (Milton et al. 2017). Since 2007, near 35 million have been allotted for fundamental human services, water, sanitation, shield, nourishment, assurance and mental help, incorporating 4.5 million out of 2017. The UN should provide support to the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, which is led by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. Aside from this life-sparing guide, ECHO will keep on advocating for better correspondence with the uprooted populaces and a more insurance situated emotionally supportive network (Kneebone 2017). Since 2013 ECHO has designated more than 1.1 million to IOM, incorporating 200 000 out of 2017, to give nourishment, essential family things, medicinal services and assurance to somewhere in the range of 3 000 Rohingya men, ladies and kids kept in Thailand after purportedly entering the nation wrongfully to travel advance away from home (Silove, Ventevogel and Rees 2017). The discrimination with the people on various basis have been creating violence among people of Rohingya. Actually, Rohingya are the Muslim Minority group of Myanmars Raphine State having a population of approximately 1.1 million. These people are considered as the lowest minority group in Myanmar. The government of the country have not recognized their identity in the national identity record. This aggregate incorporates a territorial philanthropic reaction to the mass oceanic relocation in 2015, named the 'boatpeople emergencies of the Andaman Sea, which saw countless outcasts and Bangladeshi vagrants escaping their nations of origin in scan for a place of refuge in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia (Smith 2017). The refusal of the experts to enlist Rohingya at birth or give marriage endorsements and other common documentation makes it hard to evaluate the size of the philanthropic necessities of these individuals, a considerable lot of whom live in troublesome conditions with insufficient nourishment admission and eating regimen expansion, or access to wellbeing mind. Without lawful status they are additionally unfit to seek after instruction also, formal business openings, and remain helpless against misuse and genuine security dangers (Devictor and Do 2017). The August 2017 brutality in Myanmar's Rakhine state activated another enormous inundation of Rohingya evacuees r unning over the outskirt, extending the limits of helpful offices working there, which had just been stressed since the past convergence in October 2016. The policies used in controlling the situation in Rohingya has been properly differentiated between the realist and liberal. According to the liberal point of view, the people in the district has been suffering firm various discrimination. Therefore, the policies needs to control and finish those inequalities in the district. The policies have to accommodate all the basic facilities of the people in the district. The realist focuses in the steps taken by the government for the benefit of refugees in that region. The UN Security Council might impose multi-lateral arms in the Rohingya district to meet the requirements of the people and carrying out necessary relief programs. The government have to provide various clinical facilities to control the spread of diseases among people of Rakhine district. The civil violence have to be controlled by strong military actions. The emotions of the people have to be secured that might help in minimizing stress in the situation. The government have to help in providing their basic human rights, as they are citizens of the country. The refusal of the experts to enlist Rohingya at birth or give marriage endorsements and other common documentation makes it hard to evaluate the size of the philanthropic necessities of these individuals, a considerable lot of whom live in troublesome conditions with insufficient nourishment admission and eating regimen expansion, or access to wellbeing mind. The people are seen as minorities that requires being change by provid ing them equal rights and opportunities like others. This might create a lot of difference in the situation. Different educational education needs to be constructed in the region for educating the small children of various families. Educating those help in making them understand about the drawbacks of the crisis. The UN Security Council have to put a target sanction for the Senior General of Myanmar and other security officers for providing security to the refuges in the Rakhine District. The UN Security Council should allow data collection with the help of UN Human Rights Council for identifying other risks in refugees and hold in the human rights abuses in the region. The UN have to provide extra funds in the region for motivating people in the Rakhine district. The US government have to support the policies of the UN Security Council for developing the situation in the Rakhine State. The US government have to control the military-to-military cooperation in Myanmar that is creatin g chaos in the civilians. The Government have to support the humanitarian aid for providing food and shelter to refugees. A proper sanitation and environment needs to be provided by the US government that helps in maintaining a clean environment for the refugees. References Ahsan Ullah, A.K.M., 2016. Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar: Seeking Justice for the Stateless.Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice,32(3), pp.285-301. Beyrer, C. and Kamarulzaman, A., 2017. Ethnic cleansing in Myanmar: the Rohingya crisis and human rights.The Lancet. Devictor, X. and Do, Q.T., 2017. How many years have refugees been in exile?.Population and Development Review,43(2), pp.355-369. Hoffstaedter, G., 2017. Refugees, Islam, and the State: The Role of Religion in Providing Sanctuary in Malaysia.Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies,15(3), pp.287-304. Khan, M.S., Osei-Kofi, A., Omar, A., Kirkbride, H., Kessel, A., Abbara, A., Heymann, D., Zumla, A. and Dar, O., 2016. Pathogens, prejudice, and politics: the role of the global health community in the European refugee crisis.The Lancet infectious diseases,16(8), pp.e173-e177. Kneebone, S. ed., 2017.Comparative Regional Protection Frameworks for Refugees. Taylor Francis. Milton, A.H., Rahman, M., Hussain, S., Jindal, C., Choudhury, S., Akter, S., Ferdousi, S., Mouly, T.A., Hall, J. and Efird, J.T., 2017. Trapped in Statelessness: Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,14(8), p.942. Murray, J.S., 2016. Displaced and forgotten child refugees: A humanitarian crisis.Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing,21(1), pp.29-36. Parnini, S.N., Othman, M.R. and Ghazali, A.S., 2013. The Rohingya refugee crisis and Bangladesh-Myanmar relations.Asian and Pacific Migration Journal,22(1), pp.133-146. Prodip, M.A., 2017. Health and Educational Status of Rohingya Refugee Children in Bangladesh.Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS],25(2), pp.135-146. Silove, D., Ventevogel, P. and Rees, S., 2017. The contemporary refugee crisis: an overview of mental health challenges.World Psychiatry,16(2), pp.130-139. Singh, J. and Haziq, M., 2016. The Rohingya Crisis: Regional Security Implications. Smith, T., 2017. Aung San Suu Kyi has no excuse for staying silent on the Rohingya crisis.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Kellogg`s Company Essays - American Brands, Breakfast Cereal

Kellogg`s Company Objective: Our goal in composing a financial statement is to construct the most comprehensive, thorough document possible, in order to attract investors and to confirm that we have taken the time to explore as many potential issues for your business as may arise. Summary of findings: Our level of cereal marketing investment early in 1998 was not sufficient in the face of extremely competitive market conditions. This situation hurt our volume performance for much of the year and, combined with other issues in markets around the world, led to a decline in both sales and earnings. Nonetheless, we continue to have the utmost confidence in the future of our grain-based businesses, and we are fully committed to return to both top-line and bottom-line growth. Appendix # 1- Market Research Description of firm and its management: Kellogg's products are manufactured in 20 countries on 6 Continents and distributed in more than 160 countries. Mr. Langbo has been employed by the Kellogg's Company since 1956. He was named President and Chief Operating Officer in 1990 and became Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer in 1992. In June of 1998, Mr. Carlos M. Gutierrez was named President and Chief Operating Officer. The competitive environment: The Company has experienced intense competition for sales of all of its principal products in its major markets, both domestically and internationally. The Company's products compete with advertised and branded products of a similar nature as well as unadvertised and private label products, which are typically distributed at lower prices, and generally with other food products with different characteristics. Principal methods and factors for competition include new product introductions, product quality, composition, and nutritional value, price, advertising and promotion. Economic climate and outlook: Although our 1998 business results were below our performance expectation, it was a year in which we put in place key elements of a stronger foundation for future growth. This included investments in new product development and a complete overhaul of our corporate headquarters and North American organizational structure. Should suitable investment opportunities of working capital needs arise that would require additional financing; management believes that the Company's strong credit rating, balance sheet and earnings history provide a base for obtaining additional financial resources at competitive rates and terms. Based on the expectation of cereal volume growth, and strong results from product innovation and the continued global rollout of convenience foods, management believes the Company is well positioned to deliver sales and earnings growth for the full year of 2000. Litigation: The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceedings, which, if decided adversely, would be material to the Company on a consolidated basis, nor is any of the Company's properties or subsidiaries subject to any such proceedings. Appendix # 2-Financial Forecasts Financial overview: Kellogg Company manufactures and markets ready-to-eat cereal and other grain-based convenience food products, including toaster pastries, frozen waffles, cereal bars, and bagels throughout the world. Principal markets for these products include the United States and Great Britain. Operations are managed via four major geographic areas, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America-which is the basis of the Company's reportable operating segment information. The Company leads the global ready-to-eat cereal category with an estimated 38% annualized share of worldwide volume. Additionally, the Company is the North American market leader in the toaster pastry, cereal/granola bar, frozen waffle and per-packaged bagel categories. During 1998, the Company realized declines in earnings per share both with and without unusual items. The Company experienced significant competitive pressure combined with category softness in its major ready-to-eat cereal markets, to which it responded by accelerating investment in long-term growth strategies, in clouding product development, technology and efficiency initiatives. Short-term liquidity: Net cash provided by operating activities was $719.7 million during 1998, compared to $879.8 million in 1997, with the decrease due principally to lower earnings and unfavorable working capital movements. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was .9 at December 31, 1998 and 1997. Capital structure and long-term solvency: Long-term debt consists primarily of fixed rate issuances of U.S. and Euro Dollar Notes, including $900 million due in 2001, $500 million due in 2004, and $200 million due in 2005. The amount due in 2001 includes $400 million in Notes, which provide an option to holders to extend the obligation. For an additional four years at a predetermined interest rate of 5.63% plus the Company's then-current credit spread. The increase in operating margin for the quarter primarily reflects manufacturing efficiencies in the U.S. business and reduced overhead spending as a result of streamlining initiatives in North American and corporate operations.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Octavian essays

Octavian essays Julius Caesar was assassinated by his colleagues due to treachery and fear of his rule, which led to a civil war. His death brought about a war between two strong political figures, Octavian, the step son of Julius Caesar and protg, and Mark Antony, a once ally to Octavian. The two strong leaders of Rome came to conflict after the second triumvirate had spilt in two sections of Rome; Octavian controlled the west and Antony the east. The two had come to a conflict and another civil war was sparked. With Octavian as the victor and Antony in Egypt, the age of Rome as a Republic had ended forever. With Octavian in power, Rome flourished like it had never done before. The reading, "Augustus, Res Gestae," is about the accomplishments Octavian had written himself. These writings were well written in 3rd person form and were quite accurate to a point. The points Octavian makes our about himself, sort of a manifesto. In the reading he only tells of the good he has committed for Rome. He wrote this to have people remember what he has accomplished and hopes to have this remembered therefore engraving the writings into bronze. The bronze manifesto tells us about how he brought peace and prosperity to Rome and how he brought Egypt into the Roman empire and so on. The article on the tablets was well placed because it was a page after the story of the "second triumvirate." The manifesto sums up the "good" Octavian had brought to the Roman empire and was good at showing the basics of he had accomplished therefore the article was very informing for that chapter. If the article was placed elsewhere it would have been awkward do to the fact of how the 6th chapter opens up. Octavian explains his good in a fashion that may be related to the president of the United States, Bill Clinton. On occasion when the President makes speeches, he will announce his victories and yet not announce his losses. His vi ...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Do harsh prison sentences deter reoffending for people convicted of Essay

Do harsh prison sentences deter reoffending for people convicted of drug related offenses - Essay Example ed researcher among those presenting estimates, Herbert Kleber, basically claimed that â€Å"if cocaine were legally available, as alcohol and nicotine are now, the number of cocaine abusers would probably rise to a point somewhere between the number of users of the other two agents, perhaps 20 to 25 million† (MacCoun & Reuter, 2001, 72). This study analyzes and reveals what is known about the effect of harsh prison sentences or the aggressive enforcement levels of drug prohibitions in contemporary America. This study makes two arguments. It is possible that harsh drug penalties could be significantly lessened without substantially escalating use and reoffending but also that legalization could result in considerable escalations in use and reoffending. The two arguments are not conflicting, nor is this study attempting to take up a guarded ‘neutral’ position. Significantly reduced user authorizations may have qualitatively diverse impacts than modifications in the legal position of drug production and sales. To a lot of people, it may appear apparent that reduction of harsh prison sentences or penalties would increase drug use and reoffending. But MacCoun (1993 as cited in MacCoun & Reuter, 2001) claimed that this may not be the case. Similar to the premises of this study, the article enumerated seven different processes by which drug penalties influence drug use and reoffending and analyzed the existing empirical and theoretical literature on each process. Most of these processes put off drug use and reoffending, but hardly any seem to really support it; they are among the numerous accidental outcomes of harsh drug penalties (MacCoun & Reuter, 2001). MacCoun (1993) asserted that lack of knowledge regarding the enormity of each these outcomes- in particular at the legal-illegal threshold—prevented any certain inferences about whether legalization would affect drug use and reoffending, much less the scale of any escalation. But from 1993 thereon, a number of

Thursday, February 6, 2020

IT in Finance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT in Finance Industry - Essay Example If I have to do this project again, I will plan a version management system and instruct the team members to strictly follow it and verify the version of the files before uploading them to the live server. First and foremost, always have up to date reliable anti-virus software with an Internet Firewall installed in the system. It is not possible to eliminate all threats as hackers and malware programmers cannot be eliminated. So the best policy is to prevent such attempts. In case a threat is encountered, the user has to report the issue to the anti-virus software provider, so that the provider can issue a fix for that threat as well. The system administrators can have security certificates and encryptions included in their web applications so that it is impossible for anybody to include viral software in the web application and spread it across the web. As far as a backup system is considered, reliability is far more important than the features included. The main reason for using a backup system is to restore the original system if it encounters a sudden threat or gets corrupted. The backup system has to be reliable and error free so that it can actually serve its purpose. Limited features are sufficient for a backup system, as they do not play major role. In order to provide uninterrupted service to the end users, it is always essential that the backup system is reliable and is always ready to be used as a substitute. In this case, resolving the problem depends on the nature of the issue and at times, even on the level of technical knowledge of the user. In any case, the basic things to check in the event of a complaint are: The first thing to do is to stop continuing the changes try and reverse the changes done recently. It is best practice to take a screen shot or record the steps that are being taken. The database has to be checked to verify if the

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Social commentary Essay Example for Free

Social commentary Essay Dickens is Famous for his dramatic presentation of character and using them as a device for social commentary. Dickens is famous for his ability to craft complex plots and striking characters that capture the paranoia of English Society. In the novels such as A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist, Dickens uses characters such as Scrooge and Bill Sykes, as a device for social commentary; Scrooge shows the audience that no amount of money can buy happiness or true friends. Whilst Bill Sykes character enforces the moral message that crime does not pay and no one can escape their punishment, no matter who they are. Great Expectations, one of Dickenss most renowned novels, features the unforgettable character Miss Havisham and uses her as a window into the Victorian era, and stiff class system. In this essay I am going to be analysing how Dickenss uses Miss Havisham for the above purpose, and why he is so successful in doing so. Dickens grew up in Victorian England, taking his inspiration from the people and places he lived side by side with. The Victorian era was characterised by rapid change and developments in nearly every sphere, but it was also known as a time of suffering, and of conflict amongst the social classes. Dickens grew up in a world dictated by which class you belonged. Victorian Society boiled down to three major classes, the working class, the middle class and the all powerful upper class to which Great Expectations Miss Havisham belonged. If like Miss Havisham, a Victorian woman belonged to the upper class, her life was control: marry early to a gentleman, of whom her family approved; have as many children as they could afford and devote themselves to the up keeping of their home whilst still keeping themselves perfectly presentable and well mannered. These were the things an upper class Victorian woman lived to accomplish, but as Great Expectation tells us Miss Havisham never got the chance to fulfil hers or societys Great Expectations. As a direct result of not meeting those expectations, were told how Miss Havisham choose to stop her life, and live if you can call it living in the past, constantly replaying the terrible pain she suffered the day her heart was broken and dreams destroyed. The first time Miss Havisham is mentioned in the novel, Dickens displays great skill, as he shadows everything were told about her in mystery and doubt; making the reader very curious and more closely examine, the details revealed about her character. Pip narrates from his own memory everything he has heard about Miss Havisham, were told that she is an immensely rich and grim lady who lived in a large and dismal house barricaded against robbers, and who led a life of seclucusion. The house can be seen as a metaphor for Miss Havisham herself, supporting the rumours about her character. The short phrase barricaded against robbers, metaphorically describes Miss Havisham decision to lock herself, her love and memories in Satis house. Along with Dickens later description of the house being barred, he creates the image that Miss Havishams home is like a prison built to keep her in, and intervention out, an image Dickens enforces throughout the novel. Its walls, protecting her against thieves who dont necessarily want to steal her belongings, but her heart, and only light, Estella. Whilst Pip is journeying up to Satis house with Estella the atmosphere is created by Dickens use of Pip senses and the effect of the weather upon them. Cold wind seemed to grow colder there, than outside the gate, and it made a shrill noise in howling in and out at the open sides of the brewery, like the noise of wind in the rigging of a ship at sea. The fact Dickens describes this as Pip passes through a gate, gives the impression that he has stepped through an invisible barrier/doorway into another world, Miss Havishams world; a place where things are all the more terrible, bitter and dangerous. This sentence uses a young boys hearing, sensitivity and imagination to begin to describe how things are in a land controlled by Miss Havisham. Dickens idea of decreasing the temperature when Pip steps through the barrier gives the impression of Miss Havishams world being frozen, as her heart is, stuck in winters grasp. Dickens later uses the word winter and the connotations with death it carries to symbolically show how Miss Havisham is near to death; an example of this is The old wintry branches, a quota in which Dickens uses a metaphor to show how Miss Havisham is aging, becoming more cold, bare and therefore closer to death. The brewerys history is also questioned by Pip, and what we learn can be linked to Miss Havisham and the man who broke her heart, Compeyson. Estella tells us Better not try to brew beer there now, or it would turn out sour, Not that anybody means to try , for thats all done with, and it will stand as idle as it is, till it falls. The beer describes Miss Havishams and Compeyson relationship, the fact it is now sour- can be related to the bitterness Miss Havisham feels towards not only Compeyson, but all men. It was Compeyson after all who persuaded Miss Havisham to buy it from her brother, and wished to hold and manage it all. So the fact Miss Havisham leaves it alone to fall, could show how she wants nothing to do with him or any of his plans; but it could also be taken as a sign that she is still waiting for him to return, keeping herself and the brewery untouched by anyone, but all the time growing more and more sour. Miss Havisham is a living ghost, and her grotesque appearance and habits make her both fascinating and repulsive. In the first few lines of Pips first face to face encounter with Miss Havisham, Dickens uses a variety of linguistic devices to really capture the readers imagination. He repeatedly uses the word white to describe Miss Havisham, her bridal gown and trinkets around her; Dickens uses white as a symbolic reference to her age. She was dressed in rich materials satins, and lace, and silks all of white. And she had a long white veil dependent from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. Our narrator also notices how Miss Havisham is in an unready state, She had not quite finished dressing, for she had, but one shoe on the other was on the table near her hand her veil was but half arranged. This is an insight into Miss Havishams state of mind; she has kept herself in a condition of un-readiness, entombing her being in her own personal limbo. Half living and existing and her other side scattered around her.

Monday, January 20, 2020

The True Tragedy of AIDS :: AIDS

The True Tragedy of AIDS Â   When I was in South Africa, I spent some time in a township called Crossroads, which essentially began as a squatter camp for immigrants looking for work near Cape Town. In the late 80s and early 90s, to make room for an alleged development project, the apartheid government tried to relocate the settlers. Whatever the reasons, entire sections of the settlement were razed. Many people did not want to move and, consequently, their resistance was met with arson and both random and targeted violence; many of the victims were women and young children. The settlers' sense of security, albeit loosely bound with wood and corrugated iron, was destroyed. In 1994, as democracy came to South Africa, the settlers who remained began to rebuild their community out of the wreckage of apartheid, only to be confronted by a powerful new enemy: AIDS. Â   For me, Crossroads became an example of the conflicting reality in South Africa today - destruction and resilience, hope and continual struggle. Â   Crossroads is now home to Beautiful Gate, a home for dozens of children living with HIV/AIDS whose parents are either unable to take care of them or have already died. Converted from what was once a place for troubled youth, Beautiful Gate is surrounded by an imposing fence; I thought this was unusual to have around a place for sick children. On the windows are metal bars, which I originally thought were there to protect the children from violence caused by the stigma surrounding AIDS. I was wrong. In fact, the bars are there because people had tried to steal food...because in Crossroads only half of the people can find work and they are desperate to support themselves. Some of us were able to visit Beautiful Gate a couple times, and I remember talking to Francis Herbert, the social worker there. I asked her why she continued to work there. How could she continue to work when essentially no one was listening, when the government was faced with so many problems it couldn't pay attention, when she knew that for every child that stays at Beautiful Gate, dozens, actually thousands, more have no place to go. Why? Francis looked at me with a puzzled face. She does what she does because it has to be done. I see now how obvious that answer was. And I realize now that Francis and others working in similar conditions will keep hitting a brick wall unless people like myself use our knowledge of the severity of AIDS to mobilize international support.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Virgin Atlantic Airways Case Study

Critically assess how the organisation has employed e-business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers To begin with, the online e-business model of Virgin Atlantic Airways is a business to consumer as the Virgin Atlantic Airways sells plane tickets directly to customers without passing intermediaries. Virgin Atlantic Airways implements the e business technologies to perform its key business processes and improve service levels for its customers by improving reservation online, provide all convenient services, flight data , route, cost saving ,more flight and news update and promotion. Reservation Online System First of all, Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) stated that the reservation online enhance booking system and increase sales. This is because it is convenient for passengers to check dates and flight. No matters where passenger live, they can reserve online and make a payment directly to Virgin Atlantic Airways through credit cards. Secondly reservation online provide all level of services. So passengers can select the service to suit their need. Virgin Atlantic Airways provide services such as economy class, premium economy class as well as upper class. Convenient. B2C or Business direct to customer is quite convenient and efficient with airline business (Kotler, 2008) . This reduces the need of sell agents as intermediary. As a result of this, Virgin Atlantic Airways can sell plane ticket at a lower price. Furthermore, e-business technology can increase foreign passengers through Virgin Atlantic Airways booking system. This is because foreign passengers can check the route , flight data and prices to compare with other airline. However, if they find Virgin Atlantic Airways suit their need more , they will book directly with Virgin Atlantic Airways. Flight Data E-business technologies make a flight data more accurate and fast due to, the system is operated by computer. To demonstrate this, if one passenger book the plane ticket the system will show the seats availability left and if one change his or her mind by cancellation the system will responds very quick. Route E-business technologies could perform its key business processes and improve service levels for passengers by showing the flight route and provide alternative route for passengers to select. Therefore, passengers have varies option to pick the most convenient route and economical route. For a long flight, sometime passengers can pick an economical flight by choosing the flight that transfer at other airport or require couples stop. This enhance customers base and flight booking system. More Flight Virgin Atlantic Airways (2012) mentioned that online system can enhance more flight. This is due to if any flight or route is popular due to high demand or season factors. The system will suggests to possibility to increase more flight . Therefore, Virgin Atlantic Airways revenue and profit will rise as Virgin Atlantic can serve more demand. Cost Saving Cost saving is one of major key success of Virgin Atlantic Airways (Kotler, 2008) . The e business online system can save the cost effectively as there is less need for sell agents and intermediary . Also, the e-business system can manage ticket price effectively as well. This is because if the fuel price and tax price change , the system will adjust the selling price of plane ticket instantly. E –business system which is a computer system require less staffs working. Therefore, the system can save hiring cost. News update and Promotion. Virgin Atlantic website shows all news and promotion update. This is a fast way to communicate directly to passengers and it is quick because the company can just update instantly. This benefits both passengers and the Virgin Atlantic company due to passengers can compare the airways promotion with other airways or decide to purchase the promotion that suit their need instantly.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Memorandum Company Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2397 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In the past a Memorandum of Association was seen as vital in providing information relating to the external affairs of a company. The importance of this document diminished over time with legal developments. Its worth will be limited further in consequence of the Companies Act 2006 content. Discuss the accuracy of the above statement and analyse why the importance of the Memorandum of Association has diminished. The most comprehensive review of British company law ever to have been made began in March 1998 when the Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) set up an independent Steering Group which carried out what was formally known as the Company Law Review (CLR). The task of the CLR was to develop a simple, modern, efficient and cost effective framework for carrying out business activity in Britain for the twenty-first century. (Palmer, 2006: 48) One of the most interesting aspects of British company law that the Steering Group had to deal with was the f act that most of the law came from the middle of the nineteenth century and had developed very specifically to meet the demands of companies and business at that time. The law had failed to keep pace with changes in the economy and in society in the intervening years. Even in the past forty years, since 1962 when the Jenkins Committee carried out the last thorough review of company law, the business world had changed beyond recognition. With globalisation, the UK had to remain competitive in all fields and the complexity and overregulation of company law was a significant disadvantage to British Companies. The Government also recognised that the UK competed with other legal jurisdictions to attract companies and incorporations, especially large public corporations. An efficient company law would make the UK a more attractive jurisdiction in which new companies could incorporate. The CLR therefore vowed to bring forward proposals of a modern law for the modern world. (HMSO, 1998: cl. 2.1) This is the context in which the Memorandum of Association will be explored in this paper. The very fact that the Memorandum exists implies that at one point it must have been important. Under section 2 of the Companies Act 1985 the Memorandum was required to contain a statement of the companys name, the location of its registered office, a description of the companys objects, and details relating to the capital of the company including whether it was limited by shares or by guarantee, who the guarantors were if any and the amount they were liable for, or details of the various classes of share, their value, and who the subscribers were. There is little doubt that such details are still important and require to be disclosed. However, the Companies Act 2006 significantly curtails what is to be disclosed in a companys Memorandum of Association. Under section 8 of the 2006 Act the Memorandum must disclose that the subscribers wish to form a company, become its members, and if t here is a share capital, that they will be shareholders. There will be a prescribed form which the Memorandum will take, which will be determined by the Government. In effect, the Memorandum of Association is being reduced to a standard form that details the type of company that has been created. It will not contain any of the specific provisions relating to the company in particular (HMSO, 1998). All the information mentioned above that was required by section 2 of the 1985 Act has been dispensed with, at least on an initial reading of section 8. Before looking at where and how such information will be disclosed in future, it is necessary to look in more detail at the pre-2006 Act Memorandum and the information it contained. The information traditionally contained in the Memorandum has been described as the fundamental provisions of the companys constitution (Pennington, 2001: 3). As mentioned above, there were certain items that were required by statute to be mentioned in th e Memorandum. However, companies were also free to add other provisions of the companys constitution to the Memorandum. Anything that might be dealt with in the Articles of Association could just as validly be placed in the Memorandum. Because of the public nature of the Memorandum, adding such extra clauses would have served to announce more publicly that certain provisions of the constitution were vital or central to the company and its identity more strongly than if they had simply been left to the Articles. Tables B, C, D, E and F of the Companies Act 1985 set out standard form Memoranda which companies should strive to use insofar as it is possible or practical to do so. However, if the members felt that the prescribed Memoranda did not achieve what they desired for their company they were free to alter them as necessary. The case of Gaiman v National Association for Mental Health [1971] Ch 317is authority for the fact that where the contents of a companys constitutional doc uments differ radically from the prescribed forms set out in the Act, or even where they conflict with the prescribed forms, they are still valid. This usually applies in relation to the Articles of Association because of the requirement to list certain particulars in the Memorandum. However, it also applies to the objects clause and any additional clauses that may be added to the Memorandum. Section 2(1) of the 1985 Act required the Memorandum to disclose the name of the company. The name identified whether the company was a public limited company or a private limited company. The choice of name is restricted by certain statutes but apart from these limited restrictions the promoters of the company are free to choose any name. Choice of name is also restricted by the common law tort of passing off, which prevents companies from benefiting from the name or goodwill of another company. Under the 2006 Act, much of the basic information formerly included in the Memorandum will in stead be set out in a simple registration document. Section 9(1) of the Act states the requirement that the Memorandum of Association be accompanied with the registration document when the company is being founded and this document, under section 9(2)(a) will include the proposed name of the company. Under section 9(2)(c) the registration document will also state whether the liability of the members of the company is to be limited and if so, whether it is to be limited by shares or by guarantee and under section 9(2)(d) it will also disclose whether the company is to be a private or a public company. Traditionally these were also clauses that were set out in the Memorandum of Association. As has been mentioned above, clarity and simplicity were two of the most important objectives of the CLR and it was felt that by stating this information clearly in registration documents was more logical and straightforward than having the information permanently embedded in the constitution of the company. The Memorandum was a document that retained importance throughout the life of the company and anyone who had an interest in the company had to examine carefully its contents. However, much of the information contained in the Memorandum would not have had any relevance or meaning during the course of the companys life and is in fact only relevant at the moment of its creation. With the introduction of the registration documents the information that is predominantly relevant only at the creation of the company is therefore removed from the constitution of the company. The same is true of the information relating to the registered office of the company. Under section 9(2)(b) this is now to be included in the registration document rather than in the Memorandum. A similar approach has been adopted with the capital arrangements for the company, which were also traditionally contained within the Memorandum. Section 9(4) sets out that the registration documents must state i f the company is going to have a share capital, how much that capital is going to be and who the shareholders are going to be. If the company is going to be limited by guarantee then a statement of the guarantee must be included, and the companys initial officers are also disclosed. Since the capital arrangements of the company are likely to change over the course of its lifetime it is again unnecessary in most cases to know what the capital arrangements were at the moment of incorporation. The movement of such important details from the Memorandum also reflects the ease with which such information as the name of the company, its type, and its capital arrangements can now be obtained from Companies House. Obtaining such information from Companies House has become standard practice and no one would rely on the Memorandum to give an accurate or up to date view of such information. It is also more reliable to obtain such documents from Companies House (HMSO, 1998). Traditionally, one of the most important and most interesting elements of the Memorandum of Association was the companys objects clause. This was required under section 3(1) of the Companies Act 1985. The objects clause sets out the scope of activity that the company can engage in and the purposes that the company was set up to achieve. A company and its directors are only authorised to engage in activities that are set out in the objects clause. Any activity that the directors engage in that is outside the scope of the objects clause is ultra vires. In the past this was seen as an important means for members to keep control of the directors. If directors acted ultra vires then the members could seek an injunction in court that would prevent them from doing so. Transactions entered into which were ultra vires could even be voided by the court even if the third party was unaware of fact. This position was modified by sections 35, 35A and 35B of the Companies Act 1985 which provided that third part ies could not be prejudiced by the fact that the directors acted ultra vires. Another important consequence of acting ultra vires is that it makes directors personally liable to the company for any transactions that are entered into which are ultra vires. While it is important that directors remain within the limits of what they have been employed to do, it was also the case that the directors of most companies are diligent and honest and would not wittingly act ultra vires. However, because of the danger of becoming personally liable for ultra vires acts, the principle created difficult compliance costs as directors sought to have objects clauses drafted so wide as to be completely meaningless and also had to seek legal advice before entering certain transactions to ensure that such transactions would not attach personal liability to the directors (Pennington, 2001: 14). In fact, an entire legal industry had developed that concentrated solely in avoiding the implications of t he ultra vires rule and narrow objects clauses. Many company objects clauses included a power to do all such other things as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the above objects or any of them. While it was hoped that this would protect the directrors from personal liability, the court in Evans v Brunner, Mond Co [1921] 1 Ch 359 at 364 found that it did not widen the objects of the company beyond the specific objects that were set out in the objects clause and was therefore ineffectual. Another paragraph that received attention from the courts is the objects set out in any paragraph of this clause shall not be in any way limited by reference to or inference from the terms of any other paragraph or by the name of the company. The intention of this paragraph was to make each part of the objects clause a separate stand alone power that would act as if it were the dominant or main aim of the company. In the case of Cotman v Brougham [1918] AC 514 the House of Lords fou nd that this could be effective in preventing objects clauses from being read in light of the main aims of the company, however, in Re Introductions Ltd, v National Provincial Bank [1968] 2 All ER 1221 it was found that if the clause itself implied that it was ancillary or dependent on other clauses than it would be read restrictively. The fact that such cases are held as so important shows how vital the question was to companies and how much of an issue the law had become. For this reason, it was decided that the law should be changed. Firstly, the objects of the company are now regarded as a purely internal matter of interest only to the companys members and directors and will not affect the companys relations with third parties. Also, under section 31(1) of the 2006 Act the objects clause is deemed to be unrestricted unless a companys articles specifically restrict the objects of the company. This saves the formality and effort that usually goes into drafting a limitless objec ts clause that only serves to lengthen the companys constitution and make relevant provisions less clear. It also allows for the flexibility of restricting objects clauses in the less common situations when this is necessary. In conclusion therefore, it can be seen that much of the information that was traditionally contained in the Memorandum is in fact relevant only at the moment of incorporation and the new law therefore rightly requires that it be disclosed in a registration document rather than in a Constitutional document. The law has also removed the need for an objects clause in most cases and if one is necessary, it can be contained in the Articles. Because the ultra vires rule will not void transactions with bona fide third parties the objects clause is no longer relevant to the general public and therefore has rightly been moved to the Articles. The Memorandum has become redundant for almost all purposes and therefore now exists in its abridged form which serves the ne eds of todays companies without adding meaningless and unnecessary details to the constitution of the company. Bibliography Palmers Company Law Annotated Guide to the Companies Act 2006, Thompson, Sweet and Maxwell, London, 2007, page 48 Modern Company Law for a Competitive Economy, HMSO, 1998, cl.2.1 available online at https://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file23283.pdf, accessed 1.11.07 Pennington, Penningtons Company Law, 8th ed., Butterworths, London, 2001, page 3 Cases Evans v Brunner, Mond Co [1921] 1 Ch 359 at 364 Gaiman v National Association for Mental Health [1971] Ch 317, [1970] 2 All ER 362 Cotman v Brougham [1918] AC 514 Re Introductions Ltd, v National Provincial Bank [1968] 2 All ER 1221 Legislation Companies Act 1985 Companies Act 2006 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Memorandum Company Law" essay for you Create order